ROLE OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION AND DET

Job OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION AND DET Examination Dissertation On Job OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION AND DETERRENCE OF DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF CASTE AND RELIGION Submitted to: Friendship Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (AIALS), Amity University Uttar Pradesh IN PART FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS (LLM) Presented by: 2014-2015 List of chapters Substance Page No. 1. Part 1 Presentation Layout of job of political race commission in guaranteeing free and reasonable political decision Hypothesis of State Hypothesis of Democracy Government and Politics in India 2. Part 2 System of Election Commission of India Discretionary framework Established status of ECI Reservation in administrative bodies 3. Section 3 Administrative Framework Relating to Election Political race Process Portrayal of People Act(Amendment and approval) Bill, 2013 President and Vice-President Act 4. Section 4 Political race Disputes and Issues Free and Fair Elections Enlistment of Political Parties MCC-Model Code of Conduct Political race Expenditure Political race Offenses: Punitive Laws Against Defection Laws Political race Petition 5. Section 5 Political and Religious Influence on Elections- An Analytical Overview Vote Bank Politics Strict effect on Election Separation based on rank its aftermaths 6. Part 6 End and Suggestions Table of cases Book index. Part 1 Presentation 1.1 OUTLINE OF ROLE OF ELECTION COMMISSION IN ENSURING FREE AND FAIR ELECTION The Election Commission of India is a free and self-administering body, set up under government authority. It is liable for regulating all the discretionary procedures in India. Under the oversight of the commission, free and reasonable races have been held in India at standard spans according to the standards cherished in the Constitution. The Election Commission has the intensity of administration, bearing and control of all decisions to the Parliament of India and the State Legislatures and of races to the workplace of the President of India and the Vice-President of India. Decisions are led by the sacred arrangements and different laws made with that impact by the Parliament. The significant laws in such manner are Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mostly manages the readiness and modification of appointive rolls; the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which manages all parts of lead of political race debates in detail. These debates incorporate the post-political race questions. The Supreme Court of India has held that where the instituted laws are quiet or make lacking arrangements to manage a given circumstance in the direct of decisions, the Election Commission has the residuary forces under the Constitution to act in a proper way. One of the most significant highlights of the vote based nation is races at customary stretches. Holding intervallic free and reasonable races are basics of just framework. It is a piece of the fundamental structure of the Constitution. The Election Commission is viewed as the watchman of free and reasona ble decisions. In each political decision, it gives a Model set of principles for ideological groups and possibility to direct races in a free and reasonable way. The Commission gave the code without precedent for 1971 and updated it every now and then. It set down rules for lead of ideological groups and way of candidature during decisions. Be that as it may, there happen occasions of infringement of code by the ideological groups and abuse of legitimate apparatus by the applicants. The requirement for such code is in light of a legitimate concern for nothing and reasonable races. Be that as it may, the code doesn't have a particular legal premise. It has just a convincing impact. It just contains rules of appointive ethical quality. However, this absence of legal sponsorship doesn't keep the Commission from upholding it. A law in regards to the enrollment procedure for ideological groups was sanctioned in 1989 and numerous gatherings got enlisted with the Commission. It was viable in keeping away from the disarray of the regulatory hardware and the electorate and guaranteeing that ideological groups are brought under the domain of the Election Commission. Additionally, so as to dispose of the developing degenerate impact of cash during decisions, the Election Commission has made numerous proposals in such manner. The Election Commission has fixed as far as possible on the measure of cash which a competitor can spend during political races. These cutoff points have been updated now and again. Different measures have additionally been taken by the Election Commission so as to guarantee free and reasonable races. Present day techniques, for example, presentation of EVMs-Electronic Voting Machines, oversight of appointive candidature, and so on are a portion of the essential advances taken by the Commiss ion in order to build up the procedure of political race on

Compare and Contrast Essay_Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico free essay sample

Numerous individuals who have gone to Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic would discuss the lovely destinations, clear blue sea shores and flavorful nourishments. For the individuals who may not be recognizable, the two Islands may appear to be fundamentally the same as; be that as it may, they are altogether different. In this article, I will go over a couple of the similitudes and contrast from every Island. The Dominican Republic is its own free nation situated in the Caribbean, with full control over its domain. The principle language is Spanish. 33% of its western region is imparted to Haiti. Dominicans are known for their music, essentially for Bachata and Merengue. They are additionally known for utilizing a great deal of plantains in their nourishments and dishes. It has been a well known excursion goal for some individuals because of their low costs and their some comprehensive retreats and inns. Outside of those excursions spots, anyway karmas numerous risks. The Dominican Republic is known for their ascent in wrongdoing, explicitly burglaries. We will compose a custom exposition test on Investigate Essay_Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Visitors are cautioned to remain inside their report zone so as to guarantee security. Like the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico is likewise situated in the Caribbean. While it is littler than the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico’s primary language is additionally Spanish. The distinction, notwithstanding, is that in Puerto Rico a great many people likewise talk or if nothing else get English. Puerto Rico is a self-administering U.S. region accordingly making Puerto Ricans U.S. residents. In contrast to the destitution in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Ricans have the guide of the United States with projects, for example, Welfare and WIC making it a lot simpler for families to take care of their kids. It is additionally a lot more secure in Puerto Rico. Strolling the avenues of Puerto Rico resembles strolling the boulevards in some other U.S. city. The Island of Puerto Rico is dominatingly known for its music, for the most part Salsa. Our nourishments are fundamentally the same as Dominican cooking styles since both are tropical islands. Despite the fact that the two islands are lovely and offer similar waters, Puerto Ricans and Dominicans have had numerous issues against one another. For some Dominicans, they see hostile as called Puerto Rican and the other way around. I think in the event that they would sit and truly consider it, they’d come to understand that our similitudes are more than our disparities and we should utilize that as a path to all show signs of improvement. The two Islands are dominatingly Roman Catholic and Pentecostal, so the mutual convictions can help unite individuals. Taking everything into account, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico has great and awful things about them. The Dominican Republic is known to be a blend of individuals from Spanish, French, African, Haitian and Taino plunge and Puerto Rico is of Spanish, African, Taino and American drop. Anyway the blend, we are for the most part Latinos and the two Islands are brimming with excellence and wonder. The clash of who has the better culture is trivial since the two islands share comparable dishes like mofongo, tostones, empanadillas, pasteles, bacalaitos, lechon, and sancocho. The vernacular of Spanish utilized in Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic is additionally comparable, where it is basic to drop the â€Å"S† in certain words or to articulate â€Å"R† as â€Å"L† at the end of the day (Carne = Caln and Puerta = Puelta). Both additionally share GREAT music that props the gatherings up throughout the night: Merengue, Salsa and Bachata. They may not be indisting uishable twins, yet they are sister Islands.

Movie Notes Blazing Saddles Essay Example

Film Notes Blazing Saddles Essay Bursting Saddles is an ironical western parody that is viewed as the first of now is the ideal time. It shows the prejudice toward dark individuals that was never found in most of western movies. This film as I would like to think doesn’t correspond with the way of life during the 1970’s at all. Like I said previously, Blazing Saddles was the principal humorous western comedic film of its time and it didn’t associate with the normal film that was coming out on a week after week premise. Mel Brooks’s motivation behind this film was for comedic reasons just; in the event that it was going to make individuals giggle he was going to add it to the film. For example, toward the finish of each old style western the cowpokes left staying after their tiresome fight wind up riding in the nightfall on their ponies to continue to their next experience. In Blazing Saddles Bart and Jim get got in a limousine and wind up getting crashed off into the nightfall. Exactly wh en you think there will be an ordinary scene Mel Brooks can make a farce out of it and get each chuckle out of every single crowd part conceivable. How is the film pertinent for you or your locale? Despite the fact that this film is viewed as a parody it has a hidden subject that I accept is extremely positive. At the point when Rock Ridge is selected another sheriff they are amazingly energized, when they discover this new sheriff is a dark man they are furious and even irate enough to send a letter to the senator to choose another sheriff. After Bart (who a major trend dark sheriff) can catch Mongo he begins getting more regard and therefore treated better by the individuals of Rock Ridge. I accept the subject of these occasions would be as buzzword as it sounds; don’t judge a book by its shading. They didn’t like Bart from the start since he was a dark man, however he wound up having awesome ethics and morals and the capacity to spare a humble community like Rock Ridge with sharp tricks and mind. I accept this is pertinent inside my locale in light of the fact that We will compose a custom exposition test on Movie Notes Blazing Saddles explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Movie Notes Blazing Saddles explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Movie Notes Blazing Saddles explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

First Experiences in College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

First Experiences in College - Essay Example Individual Narrative A case of a typical trouble experienced by understudies in their first days is isolation when they despite everything need companions. Understudies have uncomfortable occasions, for the most part managing outsiders and potential mortifications that they may confront. Social assorted variety among the understudies who are outsiders can cause strain. Racial strains, for example, are regular among new understudies (German 155). Connection among the understudies may support relational viability, improvement of self-assurance and mindfulness (Burks 110). During my first days, I kept up receptiveness and, along these lines, figured out how to make companions. In situations when an understudy doesn't have any recognizable individual concentrating in the school, the person may encounter seclusion (German 156). Separation may result to other inconvenient enthusiastic conditions. Time the board without factors convincing understudies is another issue they find testing during their first days in school. It is a student’s supreme obligation to be restrained to ace the substance of legitimate time the executives, which is essential to accomplishment in school training. I discovered that duty is a significant righteousness for each understudy.

Why a Coffee Power Nap Works

Why a Coffee Power Nap Works Youre tired, yet you dont have the opportunity to truly rest. As opposed to taking a force rest or getting some espresso, have a go at taking an espresso power snooze. Heres what an espresso power snooze is and why it really leaves you feeling more revived and wakeful than either a force rest or some espresso or even a rest followed by espresso. What Is a Coffee Power Nap? You realize what espresso is, however it may be useful to survey the force snooze idea. A force snooze is a short rest (15-20 minutes) that brings you into stage 2 rest. Its sufficiently long to fight off a portion of the most exceedingly awful impacts of lack of sleep or depletion, however not all that long that it hauls you into moderate wave rest (SLS) or profound rest, which would leave you feeling languid on the off chance that you finished it too early (rest idleness). Research has demonstrated that even a 6 brief rest improves focus, sharpness, engine execution, and learning, while a brief snooze gives the advantages of a full rest cycle, notably lessening weakness and turning around a significant part of the physiological harm of lack of sleep. An espresso power snooze or caffeine power rest is the point at which you drink espresso or a juiced refreshment directly before settling down for your rest. How a Coffee Power Nap Works The short clarification is that it takes around 20 minutes for caffeine to shock your framework and 45 minutes before it arrives at most extreme impact. Along these lines, the caffeine doesnt shield you from nodding off, yet its there to support your exhibition the moment you wake up. Heres the more drawn out clarification: When you drink espresso or tea or your preferred caffeinated drink, the caffeine is consumed into your circulatory system through the dividers of the small digestive tract. From that point, the atom goes to your mind, authoritative to the receptors that would acknowledge adenosine, a particle that collects when you are worn out and makes you feel drowsy. Thus, around 20 minutes subsequent to taking it, caffeine causes you feel increasingly wakeful in light of the fact that extra adensoine cannot locate a coupling area. At the point when you rest, regardless of whether its only a snappy rest, your body normally clears the adenosine from the neural receptors. This is the reason you feel increasingly conscious after a snooze. At the point when you drink espresso and sleep, the rest clears the adenosine so you wake up feeling revived, and afterward the caffeine kicks in and hinders the receptors so you wont get drained again as fast. Furthermore, caffeine helps your digestion and gives all of you those other incredible energizer symptoms. Its a success win circumstance. How Do We Know It Works? Researchers cannot get into your cerebrum to see the neural receptors and measure restricting rates, yet the impacts of the espresso power snoozes have been watched. One examination led by scientistsâ at Loughborough University in the UK found that drained investigation members committed less errors in a driving test system following a 15-minute espresso power snooze. They got the advantages of the snooze regardless of whether they detailed experiencing difficulty nodding off. Japanese scientists discovered guineas pigs performed better on memory tests and felt progressively refreshed after caffeine snoozes. The Japanese examination additionally showed presentation to brilliant light after a snooze or washing your face could help wake you up.Of course, I encourage you to lead your own trial to try out the espresso rest for yourself! Step by step instructions to Take a Coffee Nap Drink espresso or tea containing 100-200 mg of caffeine. Dont include sugar or milk. On the off chance that you pick a caffeinated drink, go sans sugar or, more than likely the flood in blood glucose levels may shield you from nodding off. Then again, you could take a caffeine pill.Set your caution for 20 minutes. Dont go recent minutes in light of the fact that the espresso rest works best if youre conscious when the caffeine hits your system.Relax. Rest. Appreciate. It assists with wearing an eye cover or flip off the lights. Its alright in the event that you cannot fall as far as possible sleeping. Research demonstrates even profound unwinding, for example, reflection, makes a major difference.Wake up feeling revived! References Anahad OConnor, October 31, 2011, The New York Times, Really? The Claim: For a More Restful Nap, Avoid Caffeine, Retrieved Aug. 21, 2015. Rose Eveleth, Smithsonian magazine, October 24, 2013, What Is the Exactly Perfect Time to Drink Your Coffee?, Retrieved Aug. 21, 2015. Corrie Pikul, September 27, 2012, Oprah magazine, 6 More Health Myths-Busted!, Retrieved Aug. 21, 2015. Like this? You may likewise be keen on whether espresso can truly calm down an alcoholic.

Technical and Narrative conventions Essay Example

Specialized and Narrative shows Essay Example Specialized and Narrative shows Paper Specialized and Narrative shows Paper In dramas the term practical is the point at which a drama causes us to accept that what's going on is occurring continuously, consistently, to normal individuals in a common area in a nearby network. Cleansers use acting with the goal that it can have hair-raising plots which offer to the crowd through, misrepresenting the accounts, Cliff holders, cinematography and the altering. Social authenticity is attracted on by cleansers to make the cleanser progressively practical by alluding to sensible social issues of the regular workers individuals, for example, joblessness, sexuality and racial issues. My inquiry is regarding explicit drama messages that you have examined, talk about how far they might be viewed as reasonable', and I will answer this with references to the dramas Coronation Street East Enders by giving models from these writings which identify with the inquiry. I will likewise characterize and discuss social authenticity, how the cleanser accounts and specialized shows advance authenticity, and I will likewise examine how components of drama are utilized in the cleansers. Social authenticity is catching in an honest manner, the regular day to day existence of the average workers individuals so it speaks to the social issues of these common laborers individuals, for example, joblessness, young pregnancy, fetus removal, wrongdoing, single-parent families, sexual wellbeing and sexuality making it progressively sensible as it is depicting the noteworthy things in the public eye and in the news at any one time, so the cleanser has issues the crowd can identify with. Instances of social authenticity in East Enders, is when Ian (before he got hitched to Janie) was taking care of his children alone speaking to an issue in the current society, and when Zoe has a premature birth with Dens youngster. Little Moe likewise is a social sensible issue as she has been assaulted, yet carried on the bring up the kid and she additionally turned into a solitary parent after she split up with billy, Jules as a medication bargain is likewise a social reasonable issue, at that point he dropped managing in drugs and went to work in Ians cafi. Acting is a book with a shocking plot which is utilized to speak to the crowds feelings, for example, in East Enders, when Billy educated everybody regarding Alfie and Little Moes relationship, there was a precipice holder when Kat assaults Little Moe. Likewise when Johnny sends a contract killer to manage Peggy, and was halted by Phil and Grant, Johnny was standing by quietly for an answer from the Hit man, however as there was finished quietness, the crowd realizes that there is inconvenience. When Alfie and Kat takes Nanna to see the sovereign is a case of an additional standard Event as the story once in a while leaves East Enders. Additionally in crowning celebration road, when Sunita discovers that Dev has been laying down with other ladies who are taking care of his shops, is a case of an overstated story. In these cleansers, the principle account and specialized shows are that they are Ongoing, where they have no start and no closure, this makes it increasingly reasonable as the cleanser not going to stop so it is continually going to show the lives of common laborers in their set areas. The cleansers additionally set up the setting toward the start, to remind the crowd that it is still in a similar area and furthermore starts toward the beginning of the day attempting as far as possible of the day, this adds to the authenticity as it shows the characters everyday activitys from morning to night. Sensational incongruity is likewise a story show, where the crowd knows things that the characters don't have a clue, for example, when Den was killed, just a couple of characters (Zoe, Chrissy and Sam) think about it and furthermore the crowd this identifies with the chain of importance of information (who realizes what first). As the cleansers are exchange driven more often than not, adding to the authenticity of common laborers people groups regular day to day existences so they would utilize shots which make the camera as imperceptible as could reasonably be expected, utilizing building up shots, over-the-shoulder yells two shots, mid close ups and extraordinary close ups. And furthermore they when there are joining storylines, they need moving of the camera starting with one account then onto the next. The altering in cleansers is additionally straightforward where there are no breaks up, blurs simply unadulterated hard cuts making it increasingly sensible as it is simply taking us starting with one storyline then onto the next normally. Sounds utilized in cleansers are for the most part digetic aside from the subject tunes, this makes it increasingly reasonable. The cleansers would be for the most part discussion orientated and this would be digetic sounds, and furthermore when they are in bars (Coronation Street, East Enders) there would be foundation sounds, for example, the sound system in the bar playing a music collection which would identify with the here and now music making it increasingly practical. The lighting utilized is traditionally naturalistic lighting this adds to the authenticity as it speaks to this present reality and furthermore the utilization of Mise-en-Scene, where ensembles and props, e inside and outside structure, and the format is sensible, for example, a school uniform that Ians kids wear in East Enders, and the easygoing present day equips the characters in both East Enders and Coronation road wear, are practical as it reflects what ordinary common laborers individuals wear in reality. Portrayals additionally advance authenticity, as the portrayals of the characters should speak to the common laborers society, in actuality. Models are Patrick, a race issue, as he claims a news specialist and furthermore in Coronation Street, Dev possesses newsagents too speaking to these activity jobs are a non-white job. Additionally the dark characters are generalized, for example, when Jules entered East Enders, he was a street pharmacist and furthermore Paul Trueman was a street pharmacist. Additionally when Patrick entered East Enders he was generalized to be a conventional African where he preferred drinking liquor, and was a young ladies man. The ladies are additionally spoken to as house spouses and the individuals who take care of the children, for example, Rosie Miller, who takes care of the house while her better half sits idle. To finish up my conclusion for the inquiry regarding explicit drama messages that you have examined talk about how far they might be viewed as Realistic', is that they make the cleansers as reasonable as conceivable utilizing Technical and Narrative shows expressed above, where everything from camera shots to sounds are utilized to make the cleansers increasingly practical, for example, no non-digetic sound tracks during the cleanser and placing it in as digetic sound in conditions, for example, bars. Portrayals of the Ethnicity adds to the authenticity of these cleansers and the issues that are raised in the stories of the cleansers add to the authenticity as these issues are managed in regular daily existence of common laborers individuals in the general public.

The Geography of Enlightenment and Equality in Perfume The Story of a Murder - Literature Essay Samples

Enlightenment and Equality in Perfume: The Story of a Murderer The Enlightenment emerged in the late 17th- and early 18th-century as an intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and equality. The Enlightenment presented a challenge to traditional French societal values, and many Enlightenment thinkers were considered the progressives of their day. In the novel, Perfume: The Story of a Murderer, by Patrick Sà ¼skind, the geographical landmarks of Paris and Grasse symbolize 18th century societal values, particularly the emphasis on equality and meritocracy. These values are expressed through the scent motif as it changes according to setting. During the Age of Enlightenment, Paris was the center for enlightened change. Ironically Paris was the smelliest place in all France. According to Perfume’s narrator, â€Å"the rivers stank, the marketplace stank, the churches stank;† (Suskind 4). The narrator’s list is an ironic statement on equality; the city’s stench crosses all the socioeconomic boundaries that traditional French society had erected before the Enlightenment’s emphasis on equality. Despite the Enlightenment’s equalizing effect underscored by the narrator’s opening assertion, class is suggested through neighborhoods, and while everything in Paris stank, different neighborhoods had differing scents: â€Å"Through the wrought-iron gates at their portal came the smell of coach leather and of the powder in the pages’ wigs,† (35).The distinct scents arising from the quarter between Saint-Estache and the Hà ´tel de Ville, â€Å"coach leather† and the â€Å"powder† convey class and are more pleasant than the smells described in the marketplace, which is depicted as smelling like â€Å"a blend of rotting melon and the fetid odor of burnt animal horn,† (4). This provides a clear division in the social structure of Paris, which Sà ¼skind subtly incorporates in order to emphasize that even with the enlightened ideals, not everyone in society is truly equal. This pre-Enlightenment hierarchy is evident in Baldini’s characterization, and when he teaches Grenouille about the art of making perfume. Baldini creates his perfume in a way â€Å"which consisted of knowing the formula,† (79) and this form of creation is in line with the enlightened ideas because it is scientific and exact, which is ironic because Baldini initially opposes the new enlightened ideas. Geographically. Baldini lives in one of the newly enlightened cities, and he teaches with the new enlightened scientific methods, but he still clinging on to Paris’ old identity. Baldini’s location also aligns with his true values – money. Baldini and Grenouille’s relationship is based on what Grenouille can do for Baldini in the aspects of launching a successful perfume. His â€Å"house† is on the â€Å"Pont-au-Change† (45) which historically owes its name to the goldsmiths and money changers who installed their shops there centur ies before on an older version of the bridge. Thus the narrator reveals geographically what principles actually govern Baldini’s behavior. In the novel, Grenouille ironically embodies the older ideas, before the Age of Enlightenment because he randomly adds different ingredients into his perfumes; he claims â€Å"I don’t need a formula. I have the recipe in my nose† (75). He uses his sense of smell only to create perfume, not exact measurements. However, at the same time, Grenouille is also the perfect embodiment of the Enlightenment because his innate skills move him up Paris’s rigid social hierarchy. Born in a fish market to a single mother, he is brought under the church’s protection. Later he enters the bourgeois, getting his journeyman’s papers the help of Baldini (107), and his abilities to create the perfume, thus almost eliminating all preconceived notions of class limitation further emphasizing that everyone when it comes down to th e details is the same. The final geographic location within Paris that signifies equality is the Cimetià ¨re des Innocents, located between rue aux Fers and the rue de la Ferronnerie and â€Å"before him lay the cemetery grounds,† (253); the narrator claims that it is the â€Å"garbage dump of death† (253), making it the smelliest place in Paris. Grenouille’s last breath is taken on the grounds of the cemetery; in only a half an hour, â€Å"Jean-Baptise Grenouille had disappeared from utterly from the earth† (255). Ironically Grenouille dies in the place surrounded Paris’ worst smells. This geographic location creates circularity; he has returned to the smells that surrounded him at birth and which convey metaphorically equality. Grenouille continues his journey through France, arriving at a cavern inside a volcano. Grenouille stays here for seven long years, locking himself away from society, and the changing world around him: â€Å"He had no use for sensual gratificat ion, unless that gratification consisted of pure, incorporeal odors† (122). The mountain provides Grenouille with an escape from the changes happening in Paris as well as Grasse where he later ventures. In Grenouille’s mind up in the mountain â€Å"there were no real things at all†¦, only the odors of things,† Thus the mountain not only emphasizes the absence of class structure, it also highlights the power of individuality. â€Å"†¦he basked in his own existence† (123). In the mountain there are only natural scents, no â€Å"human† odors; thus, there are no distinctions to be made between different classes. The scents Grenouille experience in the mountain also allow him to create his own world, where he is at the center of the universe, directly making himself seem like a god, when there are really no other â€Å"human† scents to compete with. After seven years in seclusion, â€Å"his mountain â€Å"vomit[s] him back out into the world† (133). He travels to Grasse, the 18th century perfume capital. Grasse is a town with a â€Å"little stump of a church steeple,† (166), implying that the church’s influence is minimal, and the Enlightenment has infiltrated their society. Instead Grenouille encounters â€Å"Odors of wealth that the wall exuded like a fine golden sweat,† (169), symbolizing the newly created middle class, which the Enlightenment engendered. Madame Arnulfi particularly embodies these new values, as she â€Å"was a woman of solid prosperity,† (173). As a working woman she exemplifies the enlightenments idea’s and how they have spread through Grasse. Madame Arnulfi lives in a town of enlightenment which allows her to become a woman of respect for the time. Her smelling like prosperity, shows how Grenouille identifies her abilities to be good for Grenouille. Grasse who in the town with â€Å"the Rome of scents, the promise land of perfumers,† (166), smelled like prosperity, which directly contrasts with the disgusting smells of Paris. However, at the heart of Grasse there is an established tanner, very similar to the tanner established in Paris. This establishes no matter how â€Å"enlightened† a town may appear the stench of old values will remain. No matter what covers the stench that is symbolically human nature; it is still there. Enlightenment ideals are just a mask for human instinct. Grass e and Paris both express the different ideas of the enlightenment, but each in their own way. Paris has not easily accepted the liberal ideas of equality with such open arms as the town of Grasse has, because of the way Grenouille is still able to smell between the lines in a way, and smell the different distinctions between class neighborhoods. Grasse, on the other hand, has created a new way of life, where people can easily live in the middle, experiencing benefits from the upper class, while also understanding limitations of the lower class. In Grenouille’s journey, he is able to move through the classes, and understand that the Age of Enlightenment is about establishing equality for all forms of people, and when he dies in the Cimetià ¨re des Innocents, in death, everyone smells the same, and no one is better than someone else. The stench of â€Å"humanness† embodies the human instinct and it is the same throughout all classes of people, in each stage of the journey. Through the expression of the scent motif, throughout the changes of setting in the novel, Perfume, by Patrick Sà ¼skind, the geographical landmarks of Paris and Grasse to represent 18th century societal values, particularly the emphasis on the shift on equality and meritocracy. Works Cited: Sà ¼skind, Patrick. Perfume: The Story of a Murderer. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1986. Print.